Rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease in black Africans: Descriptive study of 28 cases in Lomé

Abstract

Background. Several studies have shown that lung disease is a common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Objective. To describe the lung manifestations in the RA population in Lomé, Togo.

Methods. The study was conducted from October 2018 to July 2019 at the pulmonology unit of the Sylvanus Olympio University teaching hospital, in collaboration with rheumatology centres in Lomé, Togo. Patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA were prospectively enrolled. They underwent clinical examination, spirometry, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and a chest X-ray (CXR). All information collected and surveys gathered were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results. Twenty-four out of 28 patients were women (85.7%). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) duration of illness was 4.1 (2.8) years. Thirteen patients out of 28 (46.4%) had respiratory symptoms. On CXR, interstitial lung disease was the only pleuropulmonary lesion (17.8%). Spirometry was abnormal in 25% of cases, with a predominance of restrictive ventilatory disorder (21.4%). The 6MWT was abnormal in 25% of patients. A total of 20 patients (71.4%) had at least one lung manifestation. We noted that there were significantly more patients with respiratory symptoms and no radiographical abnormalities than those with both respiratory symptoms and radiographical abnormalities (p=0.013).

Conclusion. Lung changes affect a significant proportion of RA patients in Lomé. Studies conducted with appropriate respiratory investigations and combining cardiovascular explorations will bring us closer to an understanding of the effects of RA-associated lung disease