Dyspnoea on exertion in a child: A presentation of neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy

Abstract

Neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) syndrome is a rare type of interstitial lung disease in children, the exact incidence of which is unknown. The diagnosis of NEHI syndrome can be made on particular geographical findings on a computed tomography scan in a patient with a suggestive clinical picture, after exclusion of more common disorders. The gold standard of diagnosis is lung biopsy with bombesin staining. There is no current treatment for NEHI syndrome and symptoms usually resolve with time. We present a case of biopsy-proven NEHI in an infant who presented with dyspnoea on exertion.